Schinderhannes bartelsi is an anomalocaridid known from one specimen from the lower Devonian Hunsrück Slates. Its discovery was shocking because previously, anomalocaridids had only been known from exceptionally preserved fossil beds (lagerstatten) from the Cambrian, 100 million years previous.
Anomalocaridids are organisms such as Anomalocaris, thought to be distantly related to the arthropods, which look quite unlike any organism living today - they had a segmented exoskeleton with lateral lobes used for swimming, large compound eyes, and most strikingly a pair of large, claw-like 'great appendages' resembling the tails of shrimp, which are thought to have passed food to a pineapple-ring like mouth.